Thermal Comfort and Human Responses according to Tree Density in Forest Environments during and after Physical Activities in the Summer

This study aimed to comprehensively investigate the thermal comfort and physiological psychological effects according tree density in forest environments during rest after physical activities summer. Participants consisted of 18 male university students (average age: 24.0 ± 1.6 years old), a within-subjects experimental design was used. sat on chair for 5 min rest, performed step-box exercise 8 min, then again, rested 10 with high (85.6%) one low (12.2% as control). Thermal (predicted mean vote; PMV percentage dissatisfied; PPD) responses were measured. We investigated analyzed changes “rest”, “during exercise”, “after exercise”. As result, showed statistically significant decrease PPD values; an increase parasympathetic nervous activity; respiratory rate, systolic blood pressure, pulse rate; improvement mood state; comfortable, relaxed, natural feelings; more personal sensation recovery period than density. In conclusion, summer has higher relaxation humans, compared